Alien::Base::ModuleBuild::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about Alien::Base::ModuleBuild
version 1.17
perldoc Alien::Base::FAQ
NOTE: Please consider for new development of Aliens that you use Alien::Build and alienfile instead. Like Alien::Base::ModuleBuild they work with Alien::Base. Unlike Alien::Base::ModuleBuild they are more easily customized and handle a number of corner cases better. For a good place to start, please see Alien::Base::ModuleBuild::API. Although the Alien-Base / Alien-Build team will continue to maintain this module, (we will continue to fix bugs where appropriate), we aren't adding any new features to this module.
This document serves to answer the most frequently asked questions made by Alien::Base authors.
Alien is a Perl namespace for defining dependencies in CPAN for libraries and tools which are not "native" to CPAN. For a manifesto style description of the Why, and How see Alien. Alien::Base is a base class and framework for creating Alien distributions. The idea is to address as many of the common challenges to developing Alien modules in the base class to simplify the process.
The alien_version_check attribute to Alien::Base::ModuleBuild will be executed to determine if the library is provided by the operating system. The default for this is %{pkg_config} --modversion %n which simply checks to see if any version of that package is available, and prints the version number. You can use the --atleast-version, --exact-version options to require a specific range of versions, but these flags do not work with the --modversion flag, so be sure to invoke separately.
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
dist_name => 'Alien::Foo',
alien_name => 'foo',
configure_requires => { 'Alien::Base::ModuleBuild' => '0.022' }, # required for %{pkg_config}
alien_version_check => '%{pkg_config} --atleast-version 1.2.3 %n && %{pkg_config} --modversion %n',
...
)->create_build_script;
It is better to use the built in %{pkg_config} helper as it will use the system provided pkg-config if it is available and fallback on the pure perl PkgConfig if not.
You can also use --exact-version to specify an exact version.
Although Alien::Base and Alien::Base::ModuleBuild assume packages come with a pkg-config .pc file to determine compiler and linker flags by default, you can implement an Alien module for packages that do use pkg-config by following these tasks:
alien_check_installed_versionCreate a subclass of Alien::Base::ModuleBuild and put it in the inc directory of your distribution so that it can be used during install but won't be installed.
# inc/My/ModuleBuild.pm
package My::ModuleBuild;
use parent 'Alien::Base::ModuleBuild';
sub alien_check_installed_version {
my($class) = @_;
# determine if your library is already provided by the system
my $version = ...;
# return false if the library is NOT provided by the system
return unless defined $version;
# otherwise return the version detected
# (if you cannot determine the version it
# is usually sufficient to return a true value)
return $version;
}
There are number of methods you can use to determine if the system provides your library. From Perl methods include Devel::CheckLib, ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CChecker, Config::AutoConf, FFI::CheckLib among others. It is also frequently possible to determine if a library is installed using a -config suffixed program. For example libxml2 comes with xml2-config which provides the existence, compiler and linker flags it needs. In my experience, however, most packages that provide a -config suffixed program also provide a pkg-config interface as well.
alien_check_built_version in your Alien::Base::ModuleBuild subclassYou should also implement alien_check_build_version which will be executed from the package build root once the package is successfully built.
# inc/My/ModuleBuild.pm
package My::ModuleBuild;
...
sub alien_check_built_version {
my($self) = @_;
my $version = ...
# (Again, if you cannot determine the version,
# it is usually sufficent to return a true value)
return $version;
}
alien_provides_cflags and alien_provides_libs in Build.PL.Add something like this to your Build.PL:
# Build.PL use lib 'inc'; use My::ModuleBuild; My::ModuleBuild->new( ... alien_provides_cflags => '-I/usr/include/foo', alien_provides_libs => '-L/usr/lib/foo -lfoo', ... );
Note that it is frequently sufficient to provide alien_provides_libs and the appropriate -l flag. These flags will be used in the event that the system package can be found. It is a good idea to verify that these flags do indeed work in alien_check_installed_version above.
For a fully implemented example, see Alien::Libbz2.
There are many ways to test Alien modules before (or after) they are installed, but instead of rolling your own, consider using Test::Alien which is light on dependencies and will test your module very closely to the way that it will actually be used. That is to say by building a mini XS or FFI extension and using it. It even has tests for tool oriented Alien distributions (like Alien::gmake and Alien::patch). Here is a short example, there are many others included with the Test::Alien documentation:
use Test2::V0;
use Test::Alien 0.05;
use Alien::Editline;
alien_ok 'Alien::Editline';
my $xs = do { local $/; <DATA> };
xs_ok $xs, with_subtest {
my($module) = @_;
ok $module->version;
};
done_testing;
__DATA__
#include "EXTERN.h"
#include "perl.h"
#include "XSUB.h"
#include <editline/readline.h>
/* having a string parameter that we ignore
allows us to call this as a class method */
const char *
version(const char *class)
{
return rl_library_version;
}
MODULE = TA_MODULE PACKAGE = TA_MODULE
const char *version(class);
const char *class;
One approach is to create a unified diff for patches that you want to apply and simply run patch on them. The Alien::patch and the %{patch} helper can be used like this:
# Build.PL
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
...
alien_bin_requires => {
'Alien::patch' => 0.06, # needed for %{patch} helper
},
alien_build_commands => [
'%{patch} -p1 < ../../patch/mypackage.patch',
...
],
...
)->create_build_script;
Create a folder in your distribution root called patch and place the mypackage.patch file in there. Since the patch command will be executed in the package root instead of the distribution root, you need to use a relative path prefixed by ../... Here we use Alien::patch to provide patch even in environments where it is not provided.
A more powerful approach to patching is to write a perl subroutine to modify the source after it has been extracted. One way to do this is to create a module in your distribution's inc directory that does the patching (modules in inc can be used during build/test but won't be installed):
# inc/My/AlienPatch.pm
package My::AlienPatch;
# add this sub to the main namespace
# so we don't need to quote or escape
# anything below
sub main::alien_patch {
# is executed in the package root,
# make what ever changes you need to
# to the source here.
}
1;
# Build.PL
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
...
alien_build_commands => [
# %x will be replaced by path for calling Perl
# from the command line
"%x -I../../inc -MMy::AlienPatch -e alien_patch",
...
],
...
)->create_build_script;
By default Alien::Base::ModuleBuild assumes a package with an autoconf style configure script. The default is
# Build.PL
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
...
alien_build_commands => [
'%c --prefix=%s',
'make',
],
alien_install_commands => [
'make install',
],
...
)->create_build_script;
There are a couple of short cuts here, %c indicates the platform independent method for executing the configure script, plus any normal autoconf flags that are appropriate for Perl Alien libraries. The %c also tells Alien::Base::ModuleBuild to use Alien::MSYS on Windows platforms and to add that as a dependency. The %s is a placeholder for the location to which the package will be installed. This is normally in a share directory specific to your distribution.
If you see an error like this:
Unknown option "--with-pic".
It may be because your package provides a configure script that provides an autoconf-style interface, but is not actually autoconf. Alien::Base::ModuleBuild is aggressive in using the --with-pic option because when supported by autoconf it produces position independent code (important for reliably building XS extensions), and when not supported autoconf simply ignores the option. Unfortunately some autoconf-style configure scripts consider it an error when they see options that they do not recognize. You can tell Alien::Base::ModuleBuild to not use the --with-pic option via the alien_autoconf_with_pic property:
# Build.PL use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild; Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new( ... alien_autoconf_with_pic => 0, ... )->create_build_script;
You probably cannot count on CMake being available on most platforms. Fortunately, there is an alien distribution Alien::CMake which will either use the CMake provided by the operating system, or download and install it for you. You can use this from your Build.PL with the alien_bin_requires property:
# Build.PL
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
use Config;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
...
alien_bin_requires => {
'Alien::CMake' => 0.07,
},
alien_build_commands => [
# acutal required arguments may vary
"cmake -G 'Unix Makefiles' -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM=$Config{make} -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=%s",
"$Config{make}",
],
alien_install_commands => [
"$Config{make} install",
],
...
)->create_build_script;
If you want to use the same make as Perl, you can use Config:
# Build.PL
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
use Config;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
...
alien_build_commands => [
"$Config{make}",
],
alien_install_commands => [
"$Config{make} install",
],
...
)->create_build_script;
Some packages require GNU Make's unique syntax. Perl's Config provides an entry for gmake, but it is frequently wrong. Do not depend on it. Instead you can use Alien::gmake to provide a real GNU Make (either from the operating system, or built from source):
# Build.PL
use Alien::Base::ModuleBuild;
Alien::Base::ModuleBuild->new(
...
alien_bin_requires => {
'Alien::gmake' => 0.11, # needed for %{gmake} helper
},
alien_build_commands => [
"%{gmake}",
],
alien_install_commands => [
"%{gmake} install",
],
...
)->create_build_script;
If you get results from running the commands in your shell different to what happens when your Alien:: distribution attempts to build, it may be because your environment is different than the one that your distribution is using. For example, if you use Alien::CMake or Alien::gmake to build with specific tools that are provided by your operating system, Alien::Base::ModuleBuild will adjust the path before executing build and install commands.
In the alien build directory (usually _alien) you will find environment files that you can source into your shell (env.csh for tcsh and env.sh for bourne based shells), which should provide the identical environment used by the build process in order to troubleshoot the build manually.
% source _alien/env.sh
Alien::Base that provides executables instead of a library?Certainly. The original intent was to provide libraries, but tools are also quite doable using the Alien::Base tool set. A simple minded example of this which is fairly easy to replicate is Alien::m4.
In general, this means specifying a subclass in your Build.PL and bundling it in your distribution inc directory.
Build.PL:
... use lib 'inc'; use My::ModuleBuild; My::ModuleBuild->new( ... )->create_build_script;
inc/My/ModuleBuild.pm:
package My::ModuleBuild;
use strict;
use warnings;
use parent 'Alien::Base::ModuleBuild';
use Capture::Tiny qw( capture );
sub alien_check_installed_version
{
# see Alien::Base::ModuleBuild#alien_check_installed_version for details
my($self) = @_;
my($stdout, $stderr) = capture { system 'mytool', '--version' };
# return empty list if the tool is unavailable on the system,
# or unacceptable.
return if $! || ...;
# parse from stdout or stderr
my $version = ...;
return $version;
}
sub alien_check_built_version
{
# see Alien::Base::ModuleBuild#alien_check_built_version for details
# return empty list if the tool version cannot be found, or if it
# is unacceptable. Note that this will cause a failure, so "unknown"
# may be reasonable if the tool version cannot be determined.
return if ...;
# determine from the tool itself, or the current directory.
my $version = ...;
return $version;
}
1;
As usual your Alien::MyTool class will simply be a subclass of Alien::Base. If you tool is installed in a bin directory, you are done, the default bin_dir implementation should work for you. Otherwise you may need to provide an alternate implementation:
package Alien::MyTool;
use strict;
use warnings;
use parent 'Alien::Base';
sub bin_dir
{
# see Alien::Base#bin_dir for details
# You only need to override the default implementation if your tool
# does not install into the standard "bin" directory.
my($class) = @_;
# normally for system installs the tool should already be in your
# PATH, so return an empty list.
return if $class->install_type eq 'system';
# install_type = share
my $dist_dir = $class->dist_dir;
return ("$dist_dir/some/bin", "$dist_dir/some/other/bin");
}
1;
Now once your tool based Alien is installed you can use the bin_dir method to update the PATH as necessary:
use Alien::MyTool; use Env qw( @PATH ); unshift @PATH, Alien::MyTool->bin_dir; system 'mytool';
Alien::Base from Dist::ZillaFor creating Alien::Base based dists from Dist::Zilla you can use the plugin Dist::Zilla::Plugin::Alien.
.pc file.The default implementation of alien_check_built_version uses several heuristics, but leans heavily on pkg-config style .pc files, so if your library or tool does not provide a .pc, the version may not be detected and your build may fail.
A lot of libraries are bundled as tarballs with the version in the directory name that they are extracted into, and the current directory when alien_check_built_version is called is the build root, so you can use File::chdir as an easy way to determine the version number:
package My::ModuleBuild;
use strict;
use warnings;
use parent 'Alien::Base::ModuleBuild';
use File::chdir; # provides @CWD
sub alien_check_built_version
{
my $dir_name = $CWD[-1];
if($dir_name =~ /^libfoo-([0-9\.]+)$/) {
return $1;
} else {
# Note that this will trigger a build failure
return;
}
}
1;
Using File::chdir and @CWD is a common idiom in Alien::Base, because File::chdir is already a dependency of Alien::Base. For packages that do not provide a version number in the extracted directory, you may require some creativity.
There are a number of forums available to people working on Alien and Alien::Base modules:
#native on irc.perl.orgThis is intended for native interfaces in general and so is a good place for questions about Alien generally or Alien::Base specifically.
The perl5-alien google group is intended for Alien issues generally, including Alien::Base.
If you have an issue with Alien::Base itself, then please open a support ticket on the project's GitHub issue tracker.
Original author: Joel A Berger <joel.a.berger@gmail.com>
Current maintainer: Graham Ollis <plicease@cpan.org>
Contributors:
David Mertens (run4flat)
Mark Nunberg (mordy, mnunberg)
Christian Walde (Mithaldu)
Brian Wightman (MidLifeXis)
Graham Ollis (plicease)
Zaki Mughal (zmughal)
mohawk2
Vikas N Kumar (vikasnkumar)
Flavio Poletti (polettix)
Salvador Fandiño (salva)
Gianni Ceccarelli (dakkar)
Pavel Shaydo (zwon, trinitum)
Kang-min Liu (劉康民, gugod)
Nicholas Shipp (nshp)
Petr Písař (ppisar)
Alberto Simões (ambs)
This software is copyright (c) 2012-2022 by Joel A Berger.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.